Please review and read all of the articles on the Matrix synthesis (articles on the left side of the table). After reading, please complete the discussion below. If you have trouble finding the articles, Please Please let me know so that I can provide you with articles.
7. Discussion section (2 – 3 pages)
The purpose of the discussion is to interpret and describe the significance of the findings taking consideration of what was previously known about the topic investigated. It also provides a contemporary explanation of the problem.
a. Interpretation and discussion of the results
b. Data to support the goals
c. Contribution to agency/organization (is there one?)
d. Limitation of the literature search, such as identification of research areas that could also be reviewed for further information (and data collection method, if used) Do any of the articles consider the topic/ youth with intellectual disabilities?
Please write 2-3 pages about the articles that consist of the following information above. Please be sure to site APA
Topic investigated: The topic is the impact of trauma-focused cognitive behavioral therapy (TF-CBT) on adolescences age 12-17 with intellectual disabilities, who experience trauma in the United States.
What was previously known:
Trauma-focused cognitive behavioral therapy is a treatment protocol for children who have encounter traumatic events (Wu, 2018), and it has been found to be effective in treating trauma in children (Deblinger et al, 2015). The therapeutic intervention is designed to alleviate children’s maladaptive emotional and behavioral health problems (Deblinger et al. 2015). Trauma-focused cognitive behavioral therapy has been applied and relied upon more than other interventions like CBT alone since it helps children under trauma address upsetting beliefs and acquire skills for coping with life stressors. It demands the parents’ attention, and when they are involved, they cope effectively and support their children to overcome the trauma syndrome (Friedman et al., 2015). Trauma among teenagers is a serious issue that can be used for many things, including tragedies they have witnessed or even issues affecting the family members and friends.Very few research studies have been conducted on the role and effectiveness of TF-CBT on adolescents facing autism developmental disorder.
Claim 1
TF-CBT is the best ways to treat trauma-related symptoms within the community.
| Cohen et al. (2016) A randomized implementation study of trauma-focused cognitive behavioral therapy for adjudicated teens in residential treatment facilities. | * TF-CBT is one of the best means to improve trauma-related symptoms in clients who are referred to residential facilities for their trauma, including meaningful improvements in PTSD symptoms. (Evidence) (Cohen et al., 2016). (Analysis – how does this evidence relate to your project? Why do we care?) (Linking – transition to the next main idea) |
| Simonich et al. (2015) A statewide trauma-focused cognitive behavioral therapy network: Creating an integrated community response system | **TF-CBT is also effective for adults with trauma in outpatient therapy. |
| De Bellis et al. (2019) Depression in maltreated children and adolescents. | * One of the most effective ways of dealing with mental and psychological disorders within the community setting by focusing on changing points of view and how people participate in significant connections and life occurrences, as well as through therapeutic support. |
| (Allison & Ferreira, 2016) Implementing cognitive behavioral intervention for trauma in schools (CBITS) with Latino youth | *Kids and teens are often subjected to some form of trauma in society which can cause negative reactions. CBT for trauma in educational institutions can help communities deal with these situations through offering different techniques and ways of thinking about them. |
| Morgan-Mullane, A. (2018). Trauma focused cognitive behavioral therapy with children of incarcerated parents. | *The TF-CBT treatment is a well-known treatment for people who work directly with children and teens who have unfortunate events happen to them. It is also used within the community to help address PTSD using community-based groups that assist children and families impacted by loved ones who have been sentenced to jail or prison. |
Claim 2
TF-CBT is effective in reducing mental health symptoms and will provide psychoeducation for coping strategies. TF-CBT can even more broadly help other problems associated with trauma, like behavioral problems
| Cohen et al. (2016) A randomized implementation study of trauma-focused cognitive behavioral therapy for adjudicated teens in residential | * TF-CBT works well for teens in who experienced a lot of many kinds of trauma. |
| Cohen et al. (2016) Treating Trauma and traumatic grief in children and adolescents (book) | *CBT addresses a number of mental problems like depression, anxiety, and trauma-related issue * Some of the things that greatly help include therapy skills and creativity among the experts helping the victims to recover |
| Simonich et al. (2015) A statewide trauma-focused cognitive behavioral therapy network: Creating an integrated community response syste | *TF-CBT implemented with adult and youth clients reduced symptoms of PTSD, anxiety, depression, sexual behavior problems, and feelings of humiliation and mistrust. |
| Morina, N, Koerssen, R. & Pollet, T. V. (2016). Interventions for children and adolescents with posttraumatic stress disorder: A meta-analysis of comparative outcome studies. | * Children and adolescents receiving psychotherapy for PTSD have substantially fewer PTSD symptoms at the conclusion of treatment. |
| De Bellis et al. (2019) Depression in maltreated children and adolescents. | *TF-CBT can be effectively combined with behavioral therapy methods to help regulate kids who have been experienced trauma and have ADHD or ODD. |
| Walker et al. (2021) The Intersection of Trauma, Mental Health, and Academic Performance Among School-Aged Youth | *TF-CBT helps kids deal with trauma by using psychological education, emotional release, regulation, and mental coping. |
| (Allison & Ferreira, 2016) Implementing cognitive behavioral intervention for trauma in schools (CBITS) with Latino youth | *CBT is a program that has been shown to help young people who have experience trauma recover. * After engaging in Cognitive Behavioral Intervention for Trauma (CBITS), adolescents who had experienced higher levels of trauma reported noticeably reduced symptoms of trauma and depression; gender-related differences were not seen. |
| Morgan-Mullane, A. (2018). Trauma focused cognitive behavioral therapy with children of incarcerated parents. | *TF-CBT is a very important treatment that needs to be done by a therapist who can build a therapeutic relationship. *Treatment with TF-CBT in children and teens who experience trauma shows that it can help kids who are highly fragile and who are risk for domestic abuse, thoughts of suicide, mental illness, or drug abuse, as well as individuals who have intellectual disabilities. * Through a skills component, TF-CBT gives children psychoeducation that helps them recognize the signs of trauma and PTSD. These skills include the ability to deal with worry, think quickly, and control how you feel. |
| Peters, et al. (2021) Trauma-Focused Cognitive–Behavioral Therapy (TF-CBT) for Interpersonal Trauma in Transitional-Aged Youth | *Finishing TF-CBT will build a good working relationship when formed early on and remain that way until the conclusion of therapy. This alliance relationship can help improve anxiety and depression. |
| Spiegel, et al. (2022) Addressing Mental Health and Trauma‑Related Needs of Sheltered Children and Families with Trauma‑Focused Cognitive‑Behavioral Therapy (TF‑CBT) | * It has been demonstrated that trauma-focused cognitive behavioral therapy (TF-CBT) can be of assistance to young individuals between the ages of three and seventeen who are struggling with mood disorders and behavior issues that are associated with traumatic experiences. * Reductions in externalized behaviors and symptoms of trauma are two outcomes that can be observed as a result of implementing trauma-focused cognitive behavioral therapy (TF-CBT) with youth. *The study found that sheltered children had significantly higher rates of potential traumatic events (PTE) exposure and post-intervention PTSD symptoms than the general population. Both mother and youth PTSD signs and symptoms decreased considerably after receiving TF-CBT, which was mostly due to decreased alertness and re-exposure. |
| Hoogsteder, et al. (2021) A Meta-Analysis of the Effectiveness of EMDR and TF-CBT in Reducing Trauma Symptoms and Externalizing Behavior Problems in Adolescents | * TF-CBT with simultaneously other trauma treatments for adolescents externalizing behavior Problems, dramatically decreased trauma symptoms or externalizing behavior issues. |
| Chipalo (2021). Is trauma-focused-cognitive behavioral therapy (TF-CBT) effective in reducing trauma symptoms among traumatized refugee children? | Although the treatment for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) with trauma-focused cognitive behavioral therapy (TF-CBT) has demonstrated promising outcomes in reducing symptoms, less is known about how well it works to lessen behavioral issues or depressive symptoms. Limitations of studies describing these results include the exclusion of vulnerable populations and the possibility of investigator bias. |
Claim 3
TF-CBT is effective in reducing PTSD symptoms in youths and adults”
| Simonich et al. (2015) A statewide trauma-focused cognitive behavioral therapy network: Creating an integrated community response system | Source 3 claim 3 * By using skill-building parts, TF-CBT is good for children who have PTSD, sadness, or stress after being exposed to a traumatic event. |
| Morina, N, Koerssen, R. & Pollet, T. V. (2016). Interventions for children and adolescents with posttraumatic stress disorder: A meta-analysis of comparative outcome studies | * TF-CBT can dramatically reduce levels of PTSD in children and adolescents. * TF-CBT is a good way to treat PTSD in children and teens who have experienced several traumatic events. |
| Walker et al. (2021) The Intersection of Trauma, Mental Health, and Academic Performance Among School-Aged Youth | TF-CBT is one of the most common forms of therapy for children and teens who have been through a traumatic event. *TF-CBT is a useful way to reduce PTSD and depression symptoms. It helps young people who have been through stress by giving them ways to deal with it. |
| Fondren, et al. (2020) Buffering the effects of childhood trauma within the school setting: A systematic review of trauma-informed and trauma-responsive interventions among trauma-affected youth. | * TF-CBT is an extensive, customized, successful psychological intervention for children who are traumatized on a regular basis. * CBT has been linked with major reductions in the signs of PTSD in adolescents. * CBT is intended to be more effective in traumatized adolescents, and it can alleviate PTSD |
| Peters, et al. (2021) Trauma-Focused Cognitive–Behavioral Therapy (TF-CBT) for Interpersonal Trauma in Transitional-Aged Youth | * Not only is TF-CBT successful with transitional-aged youth, but it is also dependable, feasible, and suitable for individuals dealing with PTSD. *TF-CBT not only work for kids and teens, but for older teens and young adults rendering a decrease in symptoms such as PTSD, anxiety and depression, as well as emotional stress. |
Claim 4
Educating practitioners on the effects of trauma and implanting TF-CBT, reduce the negative effects of trauma.
| Simonich et al. (2015) A statewide trauma-focused cognitive behavioral therapy network: Creating an integrated community response system. | *Well-trained clinicians who work in systems and school settings that are also sensitive to trauma, children and families who have been through trauma have a better chance of addressing trauma. |
| Morina, N, Koerssen, R. & Pollet, T. V. (2016). Interventions for children and adolescents with posttraumatic stress disorder: A meta-analysis of comparative outcome studies | * TF-CBT is successful when used in schools with large groups who have experienced tragic events and who would not have options for mental health care outside of school. * When addressing trauma in a school setting, the manner of interventions and the content of treatment are critical in therapy. |
| Walker et al. (2021) The Intersection of Trauma, Mental Health, and Academic Performance Among School-Aged Youth | *The trauma caused by the COVID-19 pandemic has affected the mental health of school-aged children in a school setting by reducing social and learning access. *Educating teachers about such a traumatic event and instituting an evidence-based intervention such as cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) can reduce the negative effects of trauma. *TF-CBT teaches educators about trauma and components of psychoeducation through mental coping. *Returning to school happens alongside more school violence, which creates trauma and worse mental health. *Educators need to understand about how multiple sources of trauma worsens children’s mental health. |
| Fondren, et al. (2020) Buffering the effects of childhood trauma within the school setting: A systematic review of trauma-informed and trauma-responsive interventions among trauma-affected youth. | * CBT, when adapted to a school environment is effective in a school setting and increase psychoeducation knowledge. * The use of cognitive behavioral therapy and psychoeducation taught in a school setting have been linked to a decline in depression and PTSD symptoms. |
| (Allison & Ferreira, 2016) Implementing cognitive behavioral intervention for trauma in schools (CBITS) with Latino youth | *CBT is an important tool for in school professionals to use to help teach and guide kids to better comprehend sources of stress, emotions of despair, rage, anxiety, stress, and difficulty resting, which are all normal reactions to adverse circumstances. |
| Ovenstad et al. (2020). Therapists’ behaviors and youths’ Therapeutic Alliance during trauma-focused cognitive behavioral therapy | To effectively utilize TF-CBT, mental health providers such as “psychologists, psychiatrists, clinical, educational therapists, and clinical social workers” (p.352) must be able to establish a strong therapeutic connection. This treatment has been used in traumatized young populations and has proven to be successful in aiding the most vulnerable, including persons with intellectual impairments and those at risk of mental illness, drug misuse, domestic violence, or suicide thoughts. |
| Lee & Brown (2022). Examining the effectiveness of trauma-focused cognitive behavioral therapy on children and adolescents’ executive function. | Implemented by clinical and school psychology professionals, Trauma-Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (TF-CBT) reduced general executive function difficulties in both children and adolescents. Problem-solving abilities, as well as emotional, behavioral, and attentional control, improved, with teens having larger effect sizes. Further studies revealed a favorable correlation between improved concentration and a reduction in PTSD symptoms in teenagers but not in children. |
Claim 5
The components of trauma that cause problems are often cognitive[AL1] , so CBT can help teach various skills.
| Cohen et al. (2016) Treating Trauma and traumatic grief in children and adolescents (book) | * Clients learn how to express and control their feelings, such as by identifying their feelings, stopping their thoughts, and talking to themselves in a positive way. This helps them deal with difficult feelings and images linked to trauma. |
| De Bellis et al. (2019) Depression in maltreated children and adolescents. | *Psychoeducation, parenting skills, practice relaxation, implementing affective modulation techniques, cognitive reorganization, and behavioral strategies for coping are all components of TF-CBT * Once mastered, trauma narration and processing are used to fix cognitive distortions and in-vivo mastery of traumatic memories are used. |
| Allison & Ferreira, 2016) Implementing cognitive behavioral intervention for trauma in schools (CBITS) with Latino youth | *CBT is a successful treatment that teaches people about typical reactions and signs associated with trauma and helps them build the interpersonal and cognitive abilities to change the negative thoughts, emotions, and behaviors of traumatic incidents. *From a young age, teaching solving challenges, conscious restraint, ways to cope, and strategies for relaxation can help deal with emotions, ideas, and behaviors in a healthy and useful way. |
| Morgan-Mullane, A. (2018). Trauma focused cognitive behavioral therapy with children of incarcerated parents. | *CBT works because it helps people feel more stable, see things from a reasonable point of view, practice mindfulness, and meditate. |
| Peters, et al. (2021) Trauma-Focused Cognitive–Behavioral Therapy (TF-CBT) for Interpersonal Trauma in Transitional-Aged Youth | *TF-CBT can assist with teaching develop cognitive tools for coping, emotional regulation skills, and stress management abilities during the first sessions of therapy. *These techniques give young people a sense of agency, gave transparency, and improved safety, all of which are essential when working with young people (Lavik et al., 2018) |
| Martin, et al. (2019) The Role of Caregiver Psychopathology in the Treatment of Childhood Trauma with Trauma-Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy: A Systematic Review | * Caregivers are taught all the same coping skills from TF-CBT, as children are. These skills are used to help themselves deal with their own trauma symptoms. In addition, parents and other adults who care for children can help them learn how to use coping skills and then implement those skills at home by doing the same. |
| Lee & Brown (2022). Examining the effectiveness of trauma-focused cognitive behavioral therapy on children and adolescents’ executive function. | Trauma-Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (TF-CBT) reduced general executive function difficulties in both children and adolescents. Problem-solving abilities, as well as emotional, behavioral, and attentional control, improved, with teens having larger effect sizes. Further studies revealed a favorable correlation between improved executive function and a decrease in PTSD symptoms in teenagers but not in children. |
| Ovenstad et al. (2020). Therapists’ behaviors and youths’ Therapeutic Alliance during trauma-focused cognitive behavioral therapy | TF-CBT educates children psychoeducation using a skills-based approach, allowing them to detect symptoms of trauma and PTSD. These qualities include the ability to think strategically, control emotions, and handle anxieties. |
Claim 6
TF-CBT is not only effective with youth who experience trauma but it support their caregiver’s mental health related to the child’s trauma. Supports both youths and caregivers.
| Martin, et al. (2019) The Role of Caregiver Psychopathology in the Treatment of Childhood Trauma with Trauma-Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy: A Systematic Review | * TF-CBT recognizes that caregivers may be in some way impacted by their child’s trauma and that their participation is important because caregivers experience mental stress in reaction to their child’s trauma. *Trauma Focus Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (TF-CBT) is a therapy technique that places an emphasis on the employment of phases and components, with a particular focus on the child and their caregivers. *In the first step of the three-step process, steadiness and skill growth are emphasized. It includes parts of therapy such as: education and tools for parenting, meditating methods, emotional control, and mental coping strategies. |
| Brown et al. (2020). Trauma-focused cognitive-behavioral therapy. | Including caregivers who establish a pleasant setting helps to provide a supportive environment for the kid undergoing TF-CBT. Caregivers’ psychological and emotional guidance can significantly improve the therapy’s overall efficacy. Incorporating non-offending caregivers within TF-CBT promotes a comprehensive and family-centered healing process. Trauma may have a significant influence on the entire family system; thus, prioritizing the necessities of the child and caregivers enhances the probability of long-term success in TFCBT. |
| Morgan-Mullane, A. (2018). Trauma focused cognitive behavioral therapy with children of incarcerated parents. | TF-CBT can help children and parents cope with traumatic symptoms caused by parental imprisonment and other complicated traumas. Using the following phases, “the stabilization phase, (2) the trauma narrative phase, and (3) the integration/consolidation phase” (205p-206p), can help youth with Methods of mindfulness, improve communication and trust between both children and the caregiver. |
Claim 7
Children with Post Traumatic Stress Syndrome can be effectively treated with TF-CBT.
| Lewey, et al. (2018) Comparing the Effectiveness of EMDR and TF-CBT for Children and Adolescents: a Meta-Analysis | *TF-CBT indicates to be impactful on children with PTSS. With TF-CBT, children learn a range of cognitive, behavioral, and bodily skills that they can use to keep their feelings in check when they’re not in therapy. Kids are told to create a trauma narrative that slowly tells a narrative of what happened during the stressful event, and they often record. |
| Márquez, Deblinger and Dovi (2020) The Value of Trauma-Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (TF-CBT) in Addressing the Therapeutic Needs of Trafficked Youth: A Case Study | * Implementing TF-CBT’s three phases such as stabilization and skills, trauma narrative and processing and integration and consolidation can effectively treat youth with PTSD. It can provide psycho education on how to increase coping skills, relaxation skills and affective expression and modulation skills. |
| Ascienzo et al., 2020 Disseminating TF‐CBT: A mixed methods investigation of clinician perspectives and the impact of training format and formalized problem‐solving approaches on implementation outcomes. | *Children and adolescents who received Trauma-Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy showed improvements in their overall executive function issues (TF-CBT). Teenagers demonstrated larger effect sizes in the areas of emotional, behavioral, and attentional regulation, as well as problem-solving abilities. Further analyses revealed a favorable correlation between reduced symptoms of PTSD and improved executive function in adolescents but not in children. |
| Last et al., 2023 Implementing trauma-focused cognitive behavioral therapy in Philadelphia: A 10-year evaluation | In a ten-year study to assess the effectiveness of TF-CBT, 75% of teens who participated in a follow-up assessment reported a reduction in PTSD symptoms. |
Claim 8
TF-CBT can help youth reduce symptoms related to Complex PTSD (CPTSD).
| Jensen, T.K. et al. (2022) Complex PTSD and treatment outcomes in TF-CBT for youth: A naturalistic study. | * Adolescents with complex post-traumatic stress disorder (CPTSD) who receive TF-CBT treatment see an improvement in disturbances of self-organization (DOS) symptoms. These symptoms might include emotional disorder or issues regulating emotions and strained relationships. * Youth with CPTSD does not require many therapy sessions to achieve results. *TF-CBT helped people feel less guilt and self-critical and stay in treatment by teaching them about trauma and how it affects people and looking at how they think about things. |
| Ross, S. L., Sharma-Patel, K., Brown, E. J., Huntt, J. S., & Chaplin, W. F. (2021). Complex trauma and trauma-focused cognitive-behavioral therapy: How do trauma chronicity and PTSD presentation affect treatment outcome? Child Abuse and Neglect, | Adolescents experiencing CPTSD symptom, initially functioned substantially worse than youth with Basic PTSD. This study shows of basic PTSD and CPTSD and demonstrates a considerable improvement in regulating emotions in both. |
| Sachser, C., Keller, F., & Goldbeck, L. (2017). Complex PTSD as proposed for ICD-11: Validation of a new disorder in children and adolescents and their response to Trauma-Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy. | Adolescents can be better prepared for the exposure to their traumatic memories during the trauma narrative through the use of relaxation mindfulness, affective modulation, and mental rebuilding strategies during the initial sessions of TF-CBT treatment for youth with complex trauma. This includes psychoeducation about traumatic experiences and about trauma informed treatment. |
Claim 9
TF-CBT may not be the best option for treating adolescence with trauma who are currently experiencing unstable mental health concerns or other comorbidities. (fixed this)
| Cooley et al. 2022 Trauma-Focused CBT in the Context of Parental Chronic Medical Conditions | Due to the potential for temporary exacerbation of trauma symptoms, only those clients who demonstrate a specific level of expertise in using distress tolerance abilities can benefit from TF-CBT. Consequently, TF-CBT is not recommended for children or adolescents currently grappling with severe suicidal ideation, psychosis, or self-harm behaviors.[AL4] |
| Connors et al. (2021). Trauma-Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy in 13 Urban Public Schools: Mixed Methods Results of Barriers, Facilitators, and Implementation Outcomes | TF-CBT can be hard to implement in schools as they may not have the allotted time to use evidence-based practices, which makes it hard for them to provide TF-CBT for kids with serious persistent trauma and intense symptoms. It was discovered that slower therapy and more model flexibility were the main changes needed to increase the efficacy of the TF-CBT model in educational settings. |
| Wamser-Nanney (2020). Caregiver–Child Symptom Concordance: Links to Premature Termination from Trauma-Focused Therapy | Implementing TF-CBT is challenging when There is a discrepancy between the symptoms of the children and the caregivers. This can also negatively affect the results of trauma-focused treatment. Those with higher levels of inconsistency were more likely to be receiving therapy than anxiety patients. There was a correlation found between post-traumatic stress disorder and a greater chance of therapy. |
| Sander et al. (2023) The Effects of Internet-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Suicidal Ideation or Behaviors on Depression, Anxiety, and Hopelessness in Individuals With Suicidal Ideation: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Individual Participant Data | When used with people who have suicidal ideation, cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) significantly improved depression outcomes but had little to no effect on symptoms such as anxiety or helplessness. Consequently, in order to maximize care, patients who exhibit co-occurring symptoms of feeling helpless or anxiousness may need extra intervention options. |
| Martin et al. (2020). Examining the Feasibility of Telehealth Trauma-Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (TF-CBT) with Young People in Foster Care | Personal problems like drug abuse and mental health issues can get in the way of TF-CBT, keeping teens from getting full treatment. Patients are unable to handle the pain of remembering stressful events, which causes them to end treatment early and have negative views of the treatment. More patients drop out of treatment because of behavioral and mental issues like worry, oppositional defiant disorder, and trauma symptoms. |
Claim 10
There might be mixed evidence that CBT is effective in treating youth with suicidal ideation [AL5]
| Sinyor et al. (2020) Cognitive behavioral therapy for suicide prevention in youth admitted to hospital following an episode of self-harm: A pilot randomized controlled trial | Brief Cognitive Behavioral therapy BCBT can assist with reducing the amount of self-harm with youth. Initial effectiveness, acceptance, and practicability of the BCBT can significantly decrease self-harm (SH). |
| Bryan, (2019) Cognitive behavioral therapy for suicide prevention (CBT‐SP): Implications for meeting standard of care expectations with suicidal patients | Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for suicide prevention (CBT-SP) is a treatment method that has been shown to cut suicide thoughts and actions by at least half when used in outpatient care. The treatment concentrates on reducing two main factors that can lead to suicidal thoughts and actions: the inability to control emotions and the rigidity of thinking. |
| Mewton & Andrews (2016) Cognitive behavioral therapy for suicidal behaviors: improving patient outcomes | CBT targeting suicidal thoughts and behaviors was found to be beneficial. Given the present evidence, practitioners should be trained in CBT procedures that focus on suicidal thoughts and actions that are not related to mental health treatment. |
Claim 11
TF-CBT combined with other treatments can be affective with treated youth who experience trauma.
| Hultmann, Broberg , and Axberg (2023) A randomized controlled study of trauma focused cognitive behavioral therapy compared to enhanced treatment as usual with patients in child mental health care traumatized from family violence | Children who participated in TF-CBT and enhanced treatment as usual (eTAU) groups reported a substantial reduction in trauma as well as additional psychological symptoms, with no clinically significant changes between-groups, according to reports from kids, caregivers, and practitioners. After six and twelve months, there was a reduction in symptoms from trauma and other mental illness symptoms, with minor to moderate effects. |
| De Bellis et al. (2019) Depression in maltreated children and adolescents. | *TF-CBT can be effectively combined with behavioral therapy methods to help regulate kids who have been experienced trauma and have ADHD or ODD. |
| Spiegel et al. (2022). Addressing mental health and trauma-related needs of sheltered children and families with trauma-focused cognitive-behavioral therapy (TF-CBT). | Sheltered youth and their families benefited from TF-CBT through evidence-based programs that address their mental health needs and traumas. TF-CBT effectively reduced the severity of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). |
| Perri, Castelli, La Rosa, Zucchi, and Onofri, (2021) COVID-19, Isolation, Quarantine: On the Efficacy of Internet-Based Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) and Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT) for Ongoing Trauma | EMDR and CBT could be used as first-choice treatments for people who have experienced or are experiencing trauma and want to stop trauma memories from becoming more intense and building up. This mix of treatments can help lower symptoms associated with anxiety and severe depressive symptoms. |
| Stewart et al, (2017) A Pilot Study of Trauma-Focused Cognitive–Behavioral Therapy Delivered via Telehealth Technology | When TF-CBT and telehealth were used together, results showed that both kids and caregivers’ symptoms got better after treatment, and no one dropped out of the program. |
| White (2020). Comparison Study: Trauma-Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and Acceptance and Commitment Therapy for Trauma | TF-CBT uses exposure techniques to reduce avoidance, which requires the cooperation of the patient. A patient might refuse to confront traumas by discussing past events beats the purpose of TF-CBT but can be helped using alongside other techniques like Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT). ACT helps give in to understanding undesirable or unsettling emotions and experiences, acceptance takes place. ACT tries to help the person live an abundant, vibrant, and meaningful life by increasing the mental adaptability. |
Claim 12
Children with intellectual disabilities can be effectively treated with TF-CBT.
| Peterson et al. (2019). Trauma and Autism Spectrum Disorder: Review, Proposed Treatment Adaptations and Future Directions | Application of TF-CBT leads to the effective management of trauma in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and other intellectual disabilities. TF-CBT modifications for language and cognitive deficits in ASD and intellectual disabilities can help with intervention adaptation. |
| Romney & Garcia (2021). TF-CBT Informed Teletherapy for Children with Autism and their Families | With flexibility, TF-CBT is an effective treatment for autism, an intellectual disability, among children. The flexibility of TF-CBT promotes unlimited interventions such as play therapy, which can be incorporated to achieve significant results among children with intellectual and developmental disabilities. |
| Henderson-Laidlaw & Hall (2020) The effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy for individuals with an intellectual disability and anxiety: a systematic review | Researchers have found that changing how CBT is given based on the level of a cognitive impairment can help if the materials are made easy to understand. A customized method that might include creative tools can help a person with an intellectual disability understand their feelings. |
| Carrigan N. & Allez K. (2017) Cognitive behavior therapy for post-traumatic stress disorder in a person with an autism spectrum condition and intellectual disability: a case study. | The degree of anxiety in children, adolescents, and adults with ID was found to be positively impacted by CBT showing reductions in anxiety. This study report that CBT may be useful and manageable for a range of anxiety problems in individuals with anxiety and moderate ID. |
| D’Amico, P. J., Vogel, J. M., Mannarino, A. P., Hoffman, D. L., Briggs, E. C., Tunno, A. M., … Schwartz, R. M. (2021). Tailoring Trauma-Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (TF-CBT) for Youth with Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities: A Survey of Nationally Certified TF- CBT Therapists. Evidence-Based Practice in Child and Adolescent Mental Health, 7(1), 112–124. https://doi.org/10.1080/23794925.2021.1955639. |
[AL1]Consider putting the “affective” claim next to this “cognitive” claim, since they’re both sides of the same coin. It may flow well that way.
[AL2]The claim is that there is mixed evidence as to whether TF-CBT is or is not a good option for treating adolescents (or adults) with suicidal ideation or who have more severe unaddressed mental health symptoms.
[AL3]Good fix!
[AL4]Search for articles in the databases for key terms like “suicidal ideation” and “CBT” and/or “trauma”
[AL5]This directly contradicts claim 9 – so the new claim is that there is mixed evidence – some in favor and some against it. See if you can find any patterns as to why some may find A vs. B.